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eSIM, SGP.32 and roaming testing guides
Practical, standards-accurate explainers for the people who build, launch and support eSIM and IoT connectivity: how the GSMA specifications work, where things break, and how to test them.
Looking for a quick definition? Browse the eSIM & IoT glossary.
What is SGP.32? The GSMA eSIM IoT standard explained
SGP.32 is the GSMA eSIM IoT standard for remote profile provisioning. Learn the architecture (eIM, IPA, SM-DP+), download flow, versions and 2026 adoption.
Learn moreSGP.32 vs SGP.22 vs SGP.02: the three eSIM specifications compared
SGP.32 vs SGP.22 vs SGP.02 side by side: target devices, architecture, who triggers downloads, push vs pull, compatibility and when to use each.
Learn moreWhat is an eIM? The eSIM IoT remote Manager explained
An eIM manages eSIM profiles on SGP.32 IoT devices. Learn what it does, how it differs from an SM-SR, its security model, and what to verify when choosing one.
Learn moreIPAd vs IPAe: choosing where the SGP.32 IoT Profile Assistant runs
IPAd vs IPAe compared: how the SGP.32 IoT Profile Assistant works in the device or in the eUICC, the trade-offs, how to identify yours and how to test it.
Learn moreHow to test SGP.32 devices: a practical field-test guide
A practical SGP.32 test plan: SGP.33 lab conformance vs field validation, eIM, download, profile switch, fallback, attach, MQTT, roaming and a full checklist.
Learn moreeSIM profile download failed: causes, error codes and how to test downloads
Why eSIM profile downloads fail, from bad activation codes and TLS errors to full eUICCs and used QR codes, plus how to diagnose and test downloads.
Learn moreThe eSIM testing checklist: what to test, from download to roaming, with pass criteria
An eSIM testing checklist covering provisioning, attach, data, SMS, VoLTE, roaming, IoT and QoS, with a pass criterion for every check and tips to automate.
Learn moreRoaming testing: types, methods, KPIs and how to automate it
What roaming testing covers (IREG, TADIG, end-to-end service, steering and QoS checks), how operators run it today, which KPIs to track and how to automate it.
Learn moreIREG vs TADIG testing: what each validates in a roaming launch
IREG testing proves roaming services work between two networks; TADIG testing proves the usage is billed correctly. Definitions, GSMA documents and comparison.
Learn moreNB-IoT vs LTE-M: how they differ, how to choose and what to test
NB-IoT vs LTE-M compared on bandwidth, speed, latency, mobility, voice, coverage, PSM/eDRX and roaming, plus what to test for each and how to force the RAT.
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